Wheat – everything you need to know about the culture of wheat

Grain It is the most important cultivated plant in the world and is grown in over 100 countries. It is of great importance in food industry and is used in particular to produce flour. The remaining stems after the collection are used as a raw material in the production of cellulose, as well as in the feeding of animals or as an organic fertilizer. The bran, which are residues of the milling industry, are a concentrated feed, rich in protein and mineral salts.

The deformation of wheat is straw type and is made up of 5-7 interns. The wheat has the root of the radius, the leaves, with the developed sheath, the linear tongue and at the base has a ligula. The inflorescence has a composed spic shape and is composed of a Rahis on which multiflore spouses are captured. The fruit is cariopsa.

The period of vegetation on the wheat

For autumn wheat, the period of vegetation lasts 270-290 days, interval in which wheat plants pass through various phenological phases, as follows:

• Germination. When it has ideal conditions of temperature and humidity, wheat germinates in 8-10 days. Given the conditions in our country, wheat needs 15-20 days to increase, due to the lack of water.
• Rooting and forming the first leaves. After climbing, the plant forms its first leaf and begins the photosynthesis process.
• Twinning. The twinning process begins when the plant forms the third leaf. Usually, this process takes place in autumn and can continue in winter windows.
• Straw lengthening. This process begins when the stem is 5 cm.
• The box and flowering. The appearance of the tip marks the stage of the lengthening of the straw and flowering takes place in a few days. The flowers open and become visible.
• The formation of wheat. The wheat grows in length after fertilization and therefore dominates the growth of the thickness. The filling of the grains takes place on the basis of the substances that the plant is assimilated during this period.

What requirements does wheat has climate and soil?

To sprout, wheat seeds need minimum temperatures of 1-3 ° C. The twinning process begins when the temperature is 8-10 ° C and stops at 5 ° C.

As for soil humidity, wheat prefers that it is 70-80% to sprout the seeds normally. The highest requirements for water are in the phases of the tin, fertilization and the formation of cereals.

The wheat prefers soils with a neutral or weak acid pH, with a clay or clay consistency.

Rotation of culture at wheat

The wheat recalls the beginning of autumn, since they have to get up and turn to resist during the winter. Therefore, the wheat prefers the precaution of early collection, which allow the work of the soil so that it is positioned and accumulates the water until autumn. The previous recommended plants for wheat are peas, beans, sugar beet, early potatoes, soy, clover, sunflower, corn corn and inherent corn. Monoculture can only be performed 2 years. It cannot be done on the surfaces of the seed lots. The repeated cultivation of wheat causes the multiplication of specific weeds, diseases and parasites.

How does wheat fertilizes?

The wheat reacts positively to the application of fertilizers. As for the doses applied, they must be established following the agrochemical analyzes of the soil, as well as according to the expected harvest and the requirements that the plants have in certain stages of vegetation.

Mineral fertilizers, such as NPK, can be administered by autumn. Spring can resume the fractional administration of these fertilizers, when plants enter the vegetation.

The wheat reacts positively to organic fertilizers. Among the most commonly used are semi -furmented manure and the garbage must. These fertilizers can be applied directly to the grain cultivation or the previous wheat culture of the plant.

The soil works required for the culture of wheat

The wheat does not require too deep plows. Once the pre -mese plants are collected, the work to be dismantled is done, with the aim of crushing the vegetable residues and mixing them with the ground. Immediately after dismantling, the plow is built, in order to mobilize the ground at a depth of 20 cm.

If soil humidity does not allow plowing in optimal conditions, it is recommended to expect significant rainfall. If the environmental conditions have not improved, it is recommended to replace the plowing work with two works performed with the grapes of the disc. The germinal bed is prepared shortly before sowing, through the work with the Combinatori.

How does wheat appears?

The wheat seed must have a purity of at least 98% and a faculty germinating by at least 85%. Zonization hybrids are essential. The sowing time is established taking into account that the plants must vegetate 40-50 days before the arrival of winter and accumulate 400-500 degrees Celsius.

A seed of 200-250 kg/ha is required. It looks like a distance of 12.5 cm between the lines.

After sowing, the rolling is performed, if the ground is dissolved and dry. This is an operation that puts the seed in contact with the ground, favoring water absorption.

How do diseases and parasites in wheat culture fight?

The most common diseases that attack wheat are: flour, cuttlefish, fuzarios, rust, malt and silence. The most common grain parasites are: Ploisnița cereals, oatmeal, cereal beetles, ghebos cockroach, wheat vespa and red worm. Diseases and parasites of the fought wheat using fungicide AND insecticide specific.

How are the weeds that striker's grain?

In order to reduce the attack of weeds in the culture of wheat, various measures are recommended, which include the rotation of culture, performing the necessary works of the soil, sowing in the optimal era, as well as in the application herbicides.

Wheat irrigation

Wheat requires a quantity of 3500-4500 cubic meters/ha of water during the vegetation period. This need for water is naturally insured in a proportion of 70-75%. The most effective irrigation is applied in autumn. In our country, the most used method to water the wheat is the turned.

How is wheat collected?

The wheat is collected when the beans reach humidity of 14-15%, to collect without loss and without the need for special drying operations. If the surface that has to be collected is large, the harvest can be started when cereals have a humidity of 18%. The work to be collected should end when cereals reach humidity of 12%.

Conclusion

Wheat is the most important plant that is grown in our country and in over 100 countries around the world. To have a rich, without loss culture, it is necessary to follow some recommendations regarding the plant and the maintenance of the culture of wheat.